Common Types of Computer Networks

Computer network design can range from simple to very complex. Networking can be as simple as connecting two computers, or a computer and a printer, while more complex networks can involve the connection of millions of computers and devices. Below is a brief outline of different computer network types.

Personal Area Network (PAN)

The smallest type of network, a PAN simply involves connecting one person's computer to a number of devices or peripherals. Usually, all devices, such as printers, PDAs, and telephones, are within a few feet of the computer. A PAN can also refer to a connection to the internet.

Local Area Network (LAN)

If you have a home network with two or more computers or you are connected to other computers at your workplace, then you are on a LAN. LANs are ideal for networking in a small geographical area and can either work with cables and hubs, or wirelessly. They allow for the speedy transfer of data — up to 10Gbit/s. Most LANs are based on Ethernet technology. Wireless Local Area Networks are known as WLANs.

Campus Area Network (CAN)

CANs are so called because they are ideal for universities, but are also found in industrial facilities where networks in a number of buildings need to be connected. This is usually accomplished through bridging and routing. Again, most CANs are based on Ethernet technology.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A MAN usually consists of a number of interconnected LANs and WANs, but will not extend beyond the boundaries of a town, city, or metropolitan area. These are often operated at public utilities and are used by many businesses and individuals.

MAN technology has developed significantly in recent years with smaller networks within a MAN often interconnected wirelessly using radio, microwave or infra-red laser links.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

The WAN is the next step up from the MAN because it can cross metropolitan or even national boundaries. The best known WAN is the internet and, like all WANs, it uses routers and public communication links to carry data. While the internet is open to all, many WANs are run by private companies and are restricted.

These are five types of networks that most users will come across daily — maybe not even realizing it! However, there are more network type, ranging from the Desktop Area Network (DAN) to the much, much bigger Global Area Network (GAN).

 

Written by: Frank J Klein - CIO

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